McIntosh, Kovacevic & Itier demonstrate that while behavior and responses become less variable as we mature into adults, variability in brain signals, or "noise", actually increases. This variability, indicative of enhanced neural complexity, allows the brain to operate at an optimal level.
The authors use a computational approach to simulate the behavior of a model signal transduction module (a kinase cascade) in the presence of scaffolding proteins, revealing mechanisms for how scaffolds can dynamically regulate the timing of cell signaling.
Kim, Lee & Levy present a model which incorporates each patient's anti-leukemia immune response. It offers a feasible, low-risk, clinical approach to enhancing the effects of imatinib treatment using "cancer vaccines" created from pre-therapy blood taken from the patients themselves.
Image credit: CDC/Stacy Howard